News: Birds as the Ultimate DIY Architects

The widely used expression "free as a bird" intimates an enviable existence: delicate, yet mighty wings transporting to destinations no human could so breezily venture. But despite their fanciful, superhero ability, in truth, the avian race leads one of the most difficult existences in the animal kingdom. Yes, birds have existed for eons—they likely evolved from small dinosaurs of the Jurassic period—but for these creatures, life can be ruthless.

Sharon Beals' recently published book, Nests: Fifty Nests and the Birds that Built Them, asks readers to stop and consider the life of the bird, for it is one of astounding self-sustainability. Captivated by Sharon's' portraits of "bird architecture", we contacted her for more insight into these tenacious creatures. Beals passed along her artist statement, which is partially reiterated in brief below.

Inspired by Scott Weidensaul's book, Living on the Wind—a 2000 Pulitzer Prize finalist in Nonfiction—Sharon learned that the feat of migration is nothing short of epic—birds navigate by stars, magnetic fields, or polarized light, with no Google Maps at hand—just pure, inherited instinct (according to one hypothesis). They travel extreme distances—hemisphere-to-hemisphere—all the while needing both fuel and refuge.

Amazed by their persistence and resourcefulness, Sharon chose to focus on the refuge: the nest. The last estimated count of avian species totaled roughly 10,000—to investigate and document every nest construction would be the task of a lifetime. Beals chose to feature 50 varieties in her book, and reveals a wide range of techniques and materials used—including mud, branches, sticks, leaves, lichen, spiderwebs, moss, saliva, fur, bones, and human-littered debris. Each unique nest "architecture" demonstrates the species' methodologies.

The end result is a collection of stunning photos, each nest presented in a striking fashion against a clean black backdrop. When asked about her process, Sharon told us:

"The nests were photographed on a little photographic set that I made in each museum where I worked—the California Academy of Sciences, the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, and the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology. It was a black cloth, and the only clean up I did was in Photoshop to remove the few bits of nature that might have fallen from the nests when I placed them on it."

In Sharon's artist statement, she poetically declares, "I offer these photographs like the bower bird luring a mate, with the hope that others would be as seduced as I to wonder and learn about the birds that built them." And "wonder" we certainly do. Profiled below, an excerpt of 5 nests from Sharon's 50.

Perhaps the most morbid of Sharon's selections, you may think of the House Wren as unassumingly cute and tiny, but in reality, the species is capable of inflicting fierce violence if their breeding territory is threatened—known to destroy eggs, nests and in extreme situations, the young of their competitors. Their nest building process is fascinating. The male begins by marking a territory with anywhere from 10 to 400 sticks. Once a female is attracted, she contributes, potentially adding up to 700 sticks! The end result is something like a "house on stilts", which keeps the soft resting place—nested with grass, bark, wool and feathers—safe.

(Note: See the tiny skeletons above? The House Wren leaves the nest as early as two weeks after hatching. The runts are left behind, and eventually die.)

A beautiful species found in the New World, the Golden-Hooded Tanager first mates, and then builds a nest as a couple, weaving together a sturdy cup-shaped structure with plant fibers and threads of the horsehair fungus. Occasionally, mated pairs choose to inhabit a pre-constructed structure, such as the fronds of banana plants or the empty cavities of tree trunks. Shown above is a rare and stunning occurrence—the interior of a honeycomb transformed into a home and nesting spot.

The House Finch female whips up a home of grass, leaves, and twigs as the male stands guard—but when otherwise lacking in natural materials, the species proves to be less than picky, and brazen recyclers: "They brazenly occupy tin cans, old hats, stove pipes, woodpecker holes, cactus, hanging nests of orioles, mud nests of phoebes, street lamps, Christmas wreaths, ivy on buildings—anything that provides solid support and overhanging cover."

The Anna's Hummingbird fabricates a nest of beauty and dedication—it can take a female anywhere from 2 days to a month to finish her abode. She binds fine plant fibers and human or rodent hair with spiderweb and cocoons. Once finished, she chooses a male, mates, and gets to work preparing her shelter for incubation. She creates a warm, protected home for her eggs using a lining of beautiful and soft matters: flowers, feathers, lichen, moss, and pussy willows. 

Perhaps the most fascinating of the bunch in terms of process, the Common Tailorbird earns its namesake for its nest-making abilities—the species almost quite literally "sews", tailoring still-attached leaves of a shrub into a nest: "Bending a leaf, or sometimes two, or more, and piercing holes around their edges with their beaks, they insert threads of spiderweb, cocoon silk, plant, or even manmade fibers to hold them in place. They secure these 'stitches', as many as two hundred per nest, by fraying the end of the fiber into a rivet-like ball."

Book Giveaway

Are you as wowed by Nests: Fifty Nests and the Birds that Built Them as we are? WonderHowTo has 1 signed copy to give away. To enter for a chance to win, you must:

1. Follow @WonderHowTo on Twitter or Like us on Facebook.
2. Leave a comment below—share a thoughtful reaction or ask Sharon a question. She'll be checking in throughout the week!

Please submit your entry by Sunday, April 24th, at 11:59pm. The winner will be randomly selected and announced Monday, April 25th.

CONTEST CLOSED: The winner is Huy Nguyen! Thanks to all for participating!